Raws li thaum ntxov xyoo pua 19th, tib neeg twb paub txog lub hauv paus ntawm kev tsim hluav taws xob guitars. Xyoo 1890, George Bride tau thov rau patent rau nws txoj kev thiab cov khoom siv los tsim cov suab paj nruag siv hluav taws xob. Cov cuab yeej nws tsim tau raug ntsia rau ntawm lub guitar, hloov qhov kev vibration ntawm cov hlua rau hauv cov teeb liab hluav taws xob. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis zoo li cov guitar hluav taws xob dav dav, George Brad qhov kev tsim kho tsis tau nthuav tawm cov hluav taws xob hloov pauv los ntawm kev co. Tshaj li plaub caug xyoo tom ntej no, cov neeg soj ntsuam zoo los ntawm Gibson Guitar Company, xws li Lloyd Rohr, Vega, thiab Stromberg Voisinet, tau sim tsim cov guitars uas tuaj yeem hloov kev vibrations rau hauv hluav taws xob teeb liab thiab ua kom nrov nrov. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tau ntseeg tias cov poj koob yawm txwv ntawm cov hluav taws xob niaj hnub no yog Hawaiian steel bar guitar tsim thiab tsim los ntawm George Bouchan hauv xyoo 1932. Nws lub guitar tsim nta ib lub cev muaj zog aluminium nrog cov khoom nqa nrog nws. Vim lub voj voog ntawm aluminium lub cev zoo li hauv qab ntawm lub lauj kaub kib, lub guitar no kuj muaj npe hu ua "frying pan". Xyoo 1934, George Buchan tau thov rau patent rau nws qhov kev tsim khoom rau Tebchaws Meskas Patent thiab Trademark Office.
Tsis ntev tom qab ntawd, Lub Tuam Txhab Gibson Guitar kuj tau tsim cov txhuas lub cev hluav taws xob guitar E-150, ntoo hollow lub cev hluav taws xob guitar EH-150, thiab cov ntoo hollow lub cev Spanish hluav taws xob guitar ES-150 (qhov twg ES stands rau Electric Spanish, uas stands rau "hluav taws xob" thiab "Spanish").
Les Paul's "log" guitar
Xyoo 1941, Les Paul thiab Ipfon Guitar Company tau tsim hluav taws xob guitar hauv lawv lub rooj cob qhia. Qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub guitar no yog ib qho khoom siv maple ntoo nrog qhov loj ntawm 4 ntiv tes x 4 ntiv tes, uas yog nruab nrog Gibson guitar khaws thiab lwm yam khoom xws li cov hlua. Txhawm rau txhim kho lub ntsej muag ntawm lub guitar, nws tau muab cov ntoo no rau ntawm lub cev ntawm Epfon hollow guitar, uas tau pom hauv ib nrab. Qhov kev tsim ntawm kev txhim kho pickups thiab cov hlua ntawm cov khoom ntoo daws ob qho teeb meem. Ua ntej, vim hais tias lub cev ntoo ntawm lub guitar tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm lub suab nrov thiab resonates, nws daws qhov teeb meem kev tawm tswv yim ntawm hluav taws xob guitars thaum lub sijhawm ntawd. Qhov thib ob, vim qhov tseeb tias lub zog ntawm txoj hlua vibration tsis ploj los ntawm kev tsav lub cev guitar kom vibrate thiab tsim suab, nws txhim kho qhov txuas ntxiv ntawm cov hlua guitar. Vim yog cov ntoo maple nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub guitar zoo li tag nrho cov log, nws hu ua "log" guitar. Les Paul tau ua ntau yam kev txhim kho rau cov ntoo guitar hauv xyoo tom ntej thiab siv nws los sau ntau daim.
Telecaster Guitar
Nyob rau xyoo 1940, ntau tus kws ntaus nkauj thiab pianists tau sim hluav taws xob guitars ua los ntawm cov ntoo. Qhov no suav nrog Les Paul's "log" guitar, nrog rau lub zog hluav taws xob guitar nrog tremolo kov tsim los ntawm maus taus kws kho tsheb Paul Bigsby thiab tshuab raj Mel Travis. Raws li kev txheeb xyuas thiab tshawb fawb cov qauv siv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, Leo Fenda, tus tsim ntawm Fenda Instrument Company, tau tsim cov qauv tsim hluav taws xob uas tsim nyog thiab qis qis rau kev tsim khoom loj. Nyob rau hauv 1950, lub guitar hluav taws xob no tau tso tawm nyob rau hauv lub npe "Esquire" thiab tom qab ntawd renamed "Broadcaster". Txawm li cas los xij, vim muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm lub npe "Broadcaster" thiab cov cuab yeej npe tsim los ntawm lwm lub tuam txhab, lub guitar hluav taws xob no nws thiaj li hloov npe hu ua "Telecaster" hauv xyoo 1951 thiab tau siv txij thaum ntawd los.
Lub Telecaster yog suav tias yog lub ntiaj teb thawj cov khoom tsim tawm thiab muag hluav taws xob guitar qauv. Txog niaj hnub no, Telecaster guitar tau siv ntau hom suab paj nruag.
Les Paul Guitar
Thaum ntxov li nruab nrab -1940s, Les Paul tau hu rau Gibson Guitar Company hauv kev cia siab tias lawv tuaj yeem tsim "log" guitars nws tsim. Txawm li cas los xij, Gibson Guitar Company tsis muaj nuj nqis rau Les Paul txoj kev tsim qauv. Thaum ntxov xyoo 1950, tom qab ua tiav ntawm Telecaster guitar tsim los ntawm Fanta Instruments, Gibson Guitar Company Les Paul tau kos npe rau daim ntawv cog lus los sib tw nrog Fanta Instruments. Les Paul tau los ua tus kws pab tswv yim tsim rau Gibson Guitar Company, pab tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob tshiab.
Xyoo 1951, Gibson Guitar Company tau kos npe rau daim ntawv cog lus nrog Les Paul kom siv lub npe tom qab ua lub npe rau lub tshuab hluav taws xob tshiab. Xyoo 1952, Les Paul guitar pib tso tawm. Piv nrog rau cov guitars hluav taws xob uas tsim los ntawm Fanta Instrument Company, Les Paul hluav taws xob guitars yog cov khoom siv zoo nkauj thiab kim dua. Lub tuam txhab Gibson tau ua qhov no nyob rau hauv kev cia siab tias tus qauv tsim qauv hluav taws xob guitar tshiab tuaj yeem cuam tshuam Gibson Lub Tuam Txhab lub koob npe nrov thaum lub sijhawm thiab ceev nws txawv ntawm cov hluav taws xob guitars tsim los ntawm Fanta Instruments Company. Tus qauv Les Paul hluav taws xob guitar ua ntej tau nruab nrog ob lub P-90 qauv pickups, nrog ib tug ntoo veneer coated nrog kub xim.
Kev tsim khoom ntawm Les Paul hluav taws xob guitars tau cuam tshuam rau xyoo 1961 vim kev muag khoom poob qis, tab sis rov pib dua xyoo 1968 thiab txuas ntxiv mus rau hnub no. Vim yog qhov cuab yeej tseem ceeb ntawm ntau tus kws ntaus suab paj nruag, Les Paul tuav txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv keeb kwm ntawm kev txhim kho guitar.
Stratocaster guitar
Xyoo 1954, Fanta Instruments Company tau tsim lub tshuab hluav taws xob guitar hu ua "Stratocaster". Cov qauv hluav taws xob guitar no tau ua tsis tu ncua rau hnub no. Lub sijhawm ntawd, Stratocaster hluav taws xob guitar muaj peb qhov kev tsim qauv tsim. Ua ntej, nws siv ob chav chamfer tsim, uas txhais tau hais tias muaj lub kaum sab xis uas ploj lawm saum toj thiab hauv qab qhov sib txuas ntawm lub caj dab thiab lub cev ntawm lub piano. Qhov thib ob, nws siv lub vibrato ntaus ntawv ua ke rau hauv tus choj ntab. Thirdly, nws yog thawj cov khoom ntoo lub cev hluav taws xob guitar nruab nrog peb cov khoom. Thaum xub thawj, nws siv peb qhov kev hloov ceev los xaiv peb qhov sib txawv. Tom qab ntawd, qhov kev hloov pauv tau nce mus rau qib tsib, uas tso cai rau cov kws ntaus kis las tsis yog xaiv siv ib qho kev khaws cia xwb, tab sis kuj xaiv los siv ob qho kev sib xyaw ua ke.
Stratocaster hluav taws xob guitar qauv yog suav tias yog ib qho ntawm cov nyiam tshaj plaws, muag zoo tshaj plaws, thiab ua qauv hluav taws xob guitar hauv ntiaj teb.
Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo caum tom ntej, nrog rau ntau haiv neeg ntawm cov suab paj nruag style thiab kev loj hlob ntawm technology, tus tsim ntawm hluav taws xob guitars maj mam ua ntau haiv neeg. Ntxiv nrog rau cov duab guitar tau los ntawm cov qauv classic, kuj tseem muaj cov qauv tsim xws li Flying V thiab Jazzmaster. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm pickups, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus passive pickups uas siv cov tsoos technology tsis muaj lwm lub hwj chim mov, kuj muaj active pickups uas yuav tsum tau rau sab nraud fais fab mov.
Tswvyim ntawm Suab Production
Lub cev ntawm ib qho hluav taws xob guitar yog nruab nrog lub tshuab nqa, uas muaj cov coils thiab hlau nplaum. Thaum cov hlua ntawm cov hlua hluav taws xob vibrate, cov hlau nplaum uas tsim los ntawm cov hlua hlau hlau nplaum los ntawm cov hlau nplaum nyob rau hauv cov khoom yuav co nrog kev vibration ntawm cov hlua, ua rau electromagnetic induction nrog lub kauj nyob rau hauv lub pickup thiab tsim hluav taws xob signals nyob rau hauv lub kauj. Cov teeb liab hluav taws xob no yuav nthuav dav thiab hloov mus rau hauv cov suab paj nruag los ntawm cov neeg hais lus guitar kom tsim suab. Qhov no yog qhov sib txawv ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov suab nrov ntawm acoustic guitars, vim tias tom kawg tso siab rau qhov kev co tsim los ntawm lub thawv resonance uas tau tsav los ntawm cov hlua los tsim lub suab.
yam ntxwv qauv
Feem ntau, ib qho hluav taws xob guitar muaj ob ntu: lub caj dab thiab lub cev. Ntawm lawv, lub caj dab ib feem muaj xws li lub caj dab, ntiv tes, lub taub hau, tus pin, hauv ncoo, lub pob qhov rooj, thiab lwm yam; Lub cev piano suav nrog cov khoom xws li lub cev piano, choj, nqa, pob qhov rooj, rov qab pluaj tus pin, tso zis interface, hloov iav, thiab lwm yam. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom xws li cov hlua, cranks, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ua haujlwm ua ke los ua ib qho hluav taws xob ua kom tiav. .
Qin hlua
Fais guitar feem ntau muaj rau txoj hlua, uas yog hu ua 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, thiab 6 txoj hlua los ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws (thinnest hlua) mus rau qis tshaj (thickest hlua). Txhawm rau ua si qee yam suab paj nruag, qee qhov guitars muaj ntau tshaj li rau txoj hlua, thiab qee qhov txawm mus txog cuaj. Ntau tshaj li rau txoj hlua feem ntau yog cov hlua ntses bass thaj tsam ntxiv, thiab siv cov hlua ntses bass thaj tsam ntxiv tuaj yeem ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig sib sib zog nqus. Tsis tas li ntawd, ntau lub guitars hluav taws xob nrog cov hlua tuaj yeem hloov kho.
Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntsig txog cov hlua hluav taws xob muaj xws li thickness specifications, tuning, zoo chord ntev, nro ntawm cov hlua, thiab cov khoom ntawm cov hlua.
